Psyc/Biol 240 - Exam 2 Review Terms


These terms and phrases are provided as a study aid. You should know what they mean and how they are relevant to vision/perception, but you should not rely on this list as your only (or even primary) study aid. Of far more value is the lecture outline for this section of the course, which you can get to from the Section 2 - Course Material for Exam 2 page.

- major structures of the neuron: dendrites, axon, axon hillock, axon terminal, synaptic vesicles, synaptic cleft, neurotransmitters
- neural conduction: membrane potential, electrical force, diffusion force, membrane semipermeability, sodium/potassium pump, resting potential, graded potential, action potential
- inhibitory and excitatory post-synaptic potentials (IPSPs and EPSPs)
- comparative advantages and disadvantages of graded potentials and action potentials
- biological and psychological methods for studying perception: lesion, evoked potential, brain scans, single cell recording, introspection, experimental methods, psychophysical methods (method of constant stimuli, method of limits, method of adjustment, staircase, forced choice), direct scaling
- absolute threshold, difference threshold, jnd, Weber's Law
- psychometric function, psychophysical function
- signal detection theory: d'(discriminability), b (criterion),
- Stevens' Power Law, direct scaling (magnitude estimation)
- ganglion cell receptive fields, off-center vs on-center
- How ganglion cells respond to various types of stimulation
- lateral inhibition, center/surround antagonism
- lightness constancy, lightness (simultaneous) contrast, Mach bands, Hermann grid: What are they? How does ganglion cell behavior produce them?
- Magnocellular vs Parvocellular neurons (8 differences and their consequences for seeing), higher visual functions associated with M and P pathways
- Left/Right visual fields, ipsilateral vs contralateral
- Optic nerve, Optic chiasm, Optic tract
- Superior Colliculus - What happens there?
- Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGN) - How is it organized, what happens there?
- LGN receptive field properties
- retinotopic map, cortical magnification
- Visual Cortex (also called Area 17, Striate Cortex, Occipital Lobe)
- Characteristics of cortical (simple, complex, and end-stopped) receptive fields (orientation, bar width, location, motion, binocularity, end-stopping)
- ambiguity problem in cortical cell responses
- Orientation and ocular dominance columns, hypercolumns


Go to Section 2 - Course Material for Exam 2.
Go to Review Terms for Each Exam.
Go to Psyc/Biol 240 Home Page.

Updated August 15, 2004.