128-198 (Parados): Chorus of Oceanids (daughters of Tethys
and Ocean 138-40) enter and talk to Prometheus: sympathy, warning (“new
steersman” 148--”disposition none can win” 188), criticism “you are stout
of heart” “too free of tongue” (180-81), questions “Reveal all...if telling
will not harm you” 196-98); P. “plaything of the winds, enemies can laugh
at
what I suffer” (158-9); but knows “President of the Blessed”
will “need,” “free,” and “pay recompence” (168-79).
199-398 (First Episode): P. tells of Zeus’ victory over his father Kronos, P’s aid to Zeus, Zeus’ decision to wipe out human race, P’s rescue (199-244); Chorus’ “heart full of pain” (247); P’s gifts: “blind hopes” (252); “fire” (254); “crafts” (256) specified later in 436ff.; knew “when I transgressed..in helping man brought troubles on self but did not think that with such tortures I should be wasted on these airy cliffs...with no one near” (268-72); “begs”chorus to draw near (from out of chariot), “know the whole complete” and “join your sorrow with mine” (274-76); Chorus agrees to “hear story to the end” (284); Father Oceanos arrives, offers sympathy (289) and mediation (295; 328; 338-9); when Prometheus mocks him (300ff), Oceanos warns “Know yourself and reform your ways to new ways” (311); “you pay for that tongue of yours” (320-21); P thanks (342) but refuses, recalls “brothers’ fortunes” (Atlas and Typho 350-376--both punished by Zeus), sends away so that lamenting doesn’t “lead to enmity” (390); Oceanos leaves.
399-560 (Choral Odes and interchange): Chorus express personal (399) and universal (408ff) sympathy in response to which P specifies his gifts to “mindless” mortals “made masters of their wits”: shelter, agriculture, calculation, writing, animal husbandry, sailing and commerce, medicine and augury, mining. Chorus advises “not helping mortals while careless of your own misfortune for..once released from these chains you will be no less strong than Zeus” (508-11); Prometheus: “Fate...not yet determined” (512-13)....Zeus still weaker than Fates and Furies (516-18)...”solemn secret” “must be wholly hidden...so...escape shameful bonds and agonies” (524-5); Chorus prays Zeus “never oppose his power against my mind” (526-8), never wants to be slow to worship, ”shivers” because P “regarded mortal men too high” (545), asks “what succor in creatures of a day” (546), sings dirge contrasting with earlier wedding celebration (555-60).
561-886 (Io episode): “Humankind has been the cause
of the original breach between Prometheus and Zeus; now through Io, the
only human character in the play, the quarrel is to reach its climax, and,
perhaps, its eventual resolution” (Conacher 56); Io, crazed with pain appeals
to “tortured” P, asks place, tells sufferings, asks why P is punished,
tells pain
of Zeus’ love, asks future (561-688); Chorus “chilled
to soul” at “intolerable sufferings” (690-92), asks P to tell her future
pain; P complies (700-735; 795-816) and explains meaning of prior oracle
and journeys (823ff), claims “tyrant of gods hard in all things without
difference” (636-7), refers to when Zeus will “fall from his seat of power”
(756) because of
“light-witted counsels” (762) and a “marriage he will
rue” (764). Connections: P and Io (640--88) both victims of Zeus’
tyranny; identity of P’s liberator is descendant of Zeus and Io’s offspring
(772-74; 852-875); manner of Zeus’ ultimate liberation of Io may suggest
parallels of Zeus’ reconciliation with P; wild grief, cosmic setting, courage
because of
knowledge of future (and fellow suffering: 561; 614?);
Io leaves goaded by gad-fly.
887-1092 (Choral odes, Prometheus, Hermes): Chorus fears
marriage above one’s rank, Hera’s wrath, attention from gods (887-907);
P boasts “Zeus, for all his pride of heart will be humble yet, such is
the match he plans...consummation...of Father Kronos’ curse” (908ff), tells
how Zeus “shall suffer worse than I do now” (931) and does not fear such
words
“since death is not my fate” (934) and Zeus “shall
not be king for long” (940); he mocks Hermes (940-41); When Hermes
commands P identify harmful marriage and threatens further punishment--crag
cleft asunder, eagle tearing liver (1016-24), and Chorus advises compliance
(1036-39), P accepts punishment (1040); after Hermes tells Chorus to leave,
they refuse to listen: “How dare you bid us practice
baseness? We will bear along with him what we must bear. I have learned
to hate all traitors” (1067-69).
Cosmic conflagration