page 203
Notes
1. Chronique de Jean le Bel. Société de l'histoire de
France, ed. J. Viard and E. Déprez (Paris: 1904-1905), ii, p. 198.
2. Chronique normande du XIVe siècle. Société de
l'histoire de France, ed. A. and E. Molinier (Paris: 1882), pp. 96-7; S. H. Cuttler, The Law
of Treason and Treason Trials in Later Medieval France (Cambridge: 1981), p. 154; and G.
Bordonove, Jean le Bon et son temps, (Paris: 1981), pp. 107-8; Les Grandes
Chroniques de France, ed. P. Paris, (Paris: 1838), vi, p. 3.
3. Clement VI, Lettres closes, patentes, et curiales se rapportent à la
France, ed. E. Déprez, J. Glenisson and G. Mollat, (Paris: 1910-1962), ii, nos. 883-8;
and Y. Renouard, "L'Ordre de la Jarretière et l'Ordre de l'Etoile," Le Moyen Age,
55 (1949), p. 284.
4. Renouard, pp. 281-82.
5. The Order was created "à l'honneur de Dieu, de Notre-Dame et en
exhaussement de chevalerie et acroissement d'honneur." Alfred Coville, Les Premiers Valois et
les débuts de la guerre de Cent Ans (Paris: 1910), p. 108.
6. This treatise was written expressly for either John, then duke of Normandy, or Charles
of Navarre, who was a ward of King Philip VI at the time. The work itself received wide
distribution, especially in the fifteenth century, when it was translated into English. See "The III
Consideracions Right and Necesserye to the Good Governaunce of a Prince," in Four English
Political Tracts of the Later Middlepage 204
Ages, ed. Jean-Philippe Genet, Camden Society, 4th ser., 18 (1977), pp.
177-79.
7. From a fifteenth century translation of the 1347 French treatise. The spelling and
grammar have been modernized here. "The III Consideracions," p. 193.
8. "The III Consideracions," pp. 192, 197.
9. Ordonnances des rois de France de la troisième race, ed. E.-J. de
Laurière et al. (Paris: 1723-1849), ii, pp. 465-6; Leopold Pannier, La Noble Maison de
St.-Ouen (Paris: 1872), pp. 88-90.
10. Ordonnances des rois, ii, pp. 465-66.
11. Jean le Bel, ii, p. 204.
12. Pannier, p. 93, n. 1.
13. Pannier, pp. 86-7. Of John's political need to re-attach himself to the nobles, Pannier
noted: "Ruinés par les dernières guerres, les seigneurs ne demandaient par mieux.
Ils quittaient en foule leurs chateaux à moitié détruits, où ils ne
pouvaient plus vivre en maitres au dépens de leurs serfs, pour venir à la cour se
faire valets à la charge du roi. Alors commenĉa cette courtissanerie qui arriva
à son apogée sous Louis XIV. Le roi ne pourra plus marcher
qu'accompagné de sa suite de nobles, à qui il devra donner sans cesse de l'argent,
des fetes, des honneurs, mais chez, qui quelquefois au moins, il trouvera des partisans." See also
David Bessen, "Charles of Navarre and John II: Disloyalty in Northern France, 1350-1360"
(Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Toronto, 1983), pp. 54-90.
page 205
14. Ordonnances des rois, ii, pp. 465-66.
15. Pannier, pp. 94-6, refers to Dacier's researches on the accounts of the argentier du
roi, in which are recorded the expenses for some of the modifications made to the building at
St.-Ouen to prepare for the Order and for the purchase of the ceremonial garb worn by the
Knights of the Order. From these figures, Dacier calculated that at most 100 knights were present
at the January 1352 meeting of the Order of the Star. The 23 individuals were King John; Dauphin
Charles; Louis, duke of Anjou; John, Sire of Berry; Philip the Hardy, duke of Burgundy; Philip,
duke of Orléans (brother of the king); Louis of Bourbon; Charles, count of Artois; Philip
of Navarre; Louis of Navarre; Humbert II, former Dauphin of Vienne; John of Chatillon, grand-master of the hotel of the king; Sire of Andresil, chamberlain of the king; John of Clermont,
chamberlain of the king and Maréchal of France; four chamberlains of the Dauphin;
Charles of Spain, Constable of France; John II, viscount of Melun, count of Tancarville; Jacques
Bozzuto, of the house of Anjou-Sicily; Sire of Bavelinghem, captain of the chateau of Guines; and
Geoffrey of Charny, governor of Saint-Ouen.
16. The two wards were the minor children, Louis and Philip, of the late Queen Jeanne of
Navarre. Their older brother, Charles, was not present at the meeting of the Order probably
because he was still serving as lieutenant of the king in Languedoc. He did, however, return to
Paris in February to marry the daughter of the king.
17. Pannier, p. 95.
18. Les Grandes Chroniques, vi, p. 5.
page 206
19. Pannier, pp. 118-20; Ordonnances des rois, iv, pp. 116-17.
20. Raymond Cazelles, "Une exigence de l'opinion depuis Saint Louis: la
réformation du royaume," Annuaire-Bulletin de la Société de l'histoire
de France, (1962-1963), pp. 91-99.
21. Pannier, pp. 120-23.
22. AN JJ 86-90; Bessen, pp. 315-18.
23. Maurice Keen, Chivalry (New Haven: 1984), pp. 179-99.; Renouard, pp. 281,
285.